Bava Metzia 85

Chapter 85

א ומשלם ליה דמי כיסי:
1 and he must pay him the value of the thorns.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereby these had benefited the beer. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A MAN DEPOSITS MONEY WITH A MONEY-CHANGER, IF BOUND UP, HE MUST NOT USE IT: THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST, HE DOES NOT BEAR THE RISKS THEREOF;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A gratuitous bailee not being responsible for loss. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> המפקיד מעות אצל שולחני אם צרורין לא ישתמש בהן לפיכך אם אבדו אינו חייב באחריותן מותרין ישתמש בהן לפיכך אם אבדו חייב באחריותן אצל בעל הבית בין צרורין ובין מותרין לא ישתמש בהן לפיכך אם אבדו אינו חייב באחריותן חנוני כבעל הבית דברי ר"מ ר' יהודה אומר חנוני כשולחני:
2 IF LOOSE, HE MAY USE IT; THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST, HE BEARS THE RISKS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fact that he may use it makes him a paid trustee. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> [BUT IF HE DEPOSITS IT] WITH A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL, WHETHER IT IS BOUND UP OR LOOSE, HE MAY NOT USE IT; THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST, HE DOES NOT BEAR THE RISKS THEREOF. A SHOPKEEPER IS AS A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL: THIS IS R. MEIR'S VIEW. R. JUDAH SAID: A SHOPKEEPER IS AS A MONEY-CHANGER.
ג <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> משום דצרורין לא ישתמש בהן אמר רב אסי אמר רב יהודה בצרורין וחתומין שנו רב מרי אמר בקשר משונה איכא דאמרי בעי רב מרי קשר משונה מאי תיקו:
3 <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Because it is bound up he may not use it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely the depositor may have bound it up for safety, not to shew that the money-changer was not to use it! ');"><sup>4</sup></span> — Said R. Assi in Rab Judah's name: This was taught of [money] bound up and sealed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which was not necessary for mere safety, but to intimate that it was not to be used. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ד מותרין ישתמש בהן כו': אמר רב הונא ואפילו נאנסו והא אבדו קתני כדרבה דאמר רבה נגנבו בלסטין מזויין אבדו שטבעה ספינתו בים
4 R. Mari said: [It means that it was tied] with an unusual knot.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which he must have made to prevent the money-changer from opening the package. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> Others say, R. Mari propounded: What if [it was tied with] an unusual knot? — The question stands.
ה ורב נחמן אמר נאנסו לא אמר ליה רבא לר"נ לדידך דאמרת נאנסו לא אלמא לא הוי שואל עלייהו אי שואל לא הוי שומר שכר נמי לא הוי א"ל בהא מודינא לך דהואיל ונהנה מהנה בההוא הנאה דאי מיתרמי ליה זבינא דאית בה רווחא זבן בהו הוי עלייהו שומר שכר
5 IF LOOSE, HE MAY USE IT, etc. R. Huna said: Even if an [unpreventable] accident happened thereto [he is responsible]. But he [the Tanna] states, [IF] LOST!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which implies that he is not responsible for (unpreventable) accidents. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> — It is as Rabbah [said]. For Rabbah said [elsewhere]: 'Stolen' means by armed robbers; 'lost,' that his ship foundered at sea.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are unpreventable accidents. 'Lost' in our Mishnah has the same meaning. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ו איתיביה רב נחמן לרב הונא המפקיד מעות אצל שולחני אם צרורין לא ישתמש בהן לפיכך אם הוציא לא מעל הגזבר ואם מותרין ישתמש בהן לפיכך אם הוציא מעל הגזבר
6 R. Nahman [however] said: If an [unpreventable] accident happened thereto, [he is] not [responsible].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Regarding him as a paid bailee, who is not responsible for unpreventable accidents, whereas R. Huna accounts him a borrower. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> Raba objected to R. Nahman: According to you, who maintain that [he is] not [responsible] if an unpreventable accident happened to it, thus showing that he is not [accounted] a borrower in respect of it: but if not a borrower, he is not a paid bailee either!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For his only payment is his right to use it, but that makes him a borrower, who uses his bailment, and if that right is disregarded, he receives nothing to turn him into a paid bailee. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ז ואי אמרת אפילו נאנסו מאי איריא הוציא אפילו לא הוציא נמי
7 — He replied to him: In this I agree with you, but since he may benefit therefrom, he must confer benefit;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By accepting the risks of a paid bailee. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> in return for the benefit [he enjoys] that should he come across a purchase shewing profit he can buy it therewith, he becomes a paid bailee in respect thereto,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when he actually uses it, he does indeed become a borrower. But until then his benefit is only potential, and it is sufficient that this potential benefit shall render him a paid bailee, and not a borrower. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ח אמר ליה הוא הדין אע"ג דלא הוציא ואיידי דתנא רישא הוציא תנא סיפא נמי הוציא:
8 R. Nahman raised an objection to R. Huna's ruling: If he [the treasurer of the Sanctuary] deposits money<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Sanctuary, in error thinking it his own. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> with a money-changer, if bound up, he may not use it; therefore if he expends it, the treasurer is not liable to a trespass offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In accordance with Lev. V, 15, for putting money dedicated to the Sanctuary to secular use. Since it was bound up, the treasurer had not authorised him to use it, and therefore the money-changer is liable. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ט <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> השולח יד בפקדון בית שמאי אומרים ילקה בחסר וביתר ובית הלל אומרים כשעת הוצאה ר"ע אומר כשעת התביעה:
9 If loose, he may use it; therefore if he expends it, the treasurer is liable to a trespass offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. Me'il. II. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> But if you Say, even if an [unpreventable] accident befalls it [the money changer is responsible], why particularly if he expends it? Even if he does not expend it, he should likewise be [liable]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For since the money-changer is responsible for unpreventable accidents, he is evidently regarded as a borrower from the moment it reaches his hand, even before he actually uses it. But in that case the treasurer has already withdrawn it from the possession of the Sanctuary, and that alone involves a trespass offering. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
י <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רבה האי מאן דגזל חביתא דחמרא מחבריה מעיקרא שויא זוזא השתא שויא ארבעה תברה או שתייה משלם ארבעה איתבר ממילא משלם זוזא
10 — He replied: The same law holds good even if he does not expend it; but since the first clause states [if he expends it],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And there it is necessary to show that even then the treasurer is not liable. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> the second clause teaches likewise, [if] he expends it.
יא מאי טעמא כיון דאי איתה הדרא למרה בעינא ההיא שעתא דקא שתי ליה או דקא תבר לה קא גזל מיניה ותנן כל הגזלנין משלמין כשעת הגזילה איתבר ממילא משלם זוזא מ"ט השתא לא עביד לה ולא מידי אמאי קא מחייבת ליה אההיא שעתא דגזלה ההיא שעתא זוזא הוא דשויא
11 <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A MAN MAKES [UNLAWFUL] USE OF A BAILMENT: BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN: HE IS PUNISHED IN RESPECT OF DECREASE AND INCREASE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the bailment itself cannot be returned for any reason, being destroyed or otherwise disposed of. The meaning of this is discussed in the Gemara. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> BETH HILLEL RULE: [HE MUST PAY ITS VALUE] AS WHEN IT IS WITHDRAWN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Gemara. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יב תנן בית הלל אומרים כשעת הוצאה מאי כשעת הוצאה אילימא כשעת הוצאה מן העולם
12 R. AKIBA SAID: AS WHEN THE CLAIM IS MADE. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Rabbah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Alfasi reads: Raba. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יג ובמאי אי בחסר מי איכא למ"ד והא תנן כל הגזלנין משלמין כשעת הגזילה ואי ביתר היינו ב"ש
13 said: If one steals a barrel of wine from his neighbour, originally [i.e., at the time of theft] worth a <i>zuz</i>, but now [when he disposes thereof] worth four [<i>zuz</i>], if he breaks or drinks it, he must pay four; if it is broken of itself, he must pay a <i>zuz</i>. Why? Since if it were in existence, it would be returnable to its owner as it is, it is precisely when he drinks or breaks it that he robs him thereof, and we learnt: All robbers pay according to the time of robbery.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' B.K. 93b, i.e., what its value was then. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> 'If it is broken of itself, he must pay a <i>zuz</i>.' Why? He does nothing at all to it then: for what do you declare him liable? For the time of the robbery!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., for the act of taking it. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> But then it was worth [only] a <i>zuz</i>. We learnt: BETH HILLEL RULE: [HE MUST PAY ITS VALUE] AS WHEN IT IS WITHDRAWN. What is the meaning of AS WHEN IT IS WITHDRAWN? Shall we Say, as when it is withdrawn from the world:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when destroyed or otherwise disposed of. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> and in what [case do Beth Hillel differ]? If in the case of depreciation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After he had taken it; Beth Hillel maintaining that he must pay its depreciated value. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> — but is there any such opinion? Did we not learn, All robbers pay as at the time of robbery? And if in the case of appreciation, then it is identical with Beth Shammai['s ruling]!